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Summary:The text provides an overview of various infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections that can be transmitted through human fluids, contaminated water, or insect vectors. It also highlights the importance of proper sanitation, nutrition, and clean water in preventing the spread of diseases.Key points:* Infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or prions* Transmission methods include contact with infected fluids, contaminated food or water, and insect bites* Symptoms and treatment options vary depending on the disease* The importance of proper sanitation, nutrition, and clean water in preventing the spread of diseases is emphasizedPractice FRQ:a) Control group: Site 1 (upstream from the village) should serve as the control group. This site would not be directly affected by the sewage treatment plant's discharge, allowing scientists to measure fecal coliform bacterial counts without contamination.b) Disease to test for: Cholera is a good candidate disease to test for in the villagers. If there is an increased prevalence of cholera cases in the village compared to areas with functioning sewage systems, it would suggest that the sewage treatment plant's discharge into the river is causing the outbreak.