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1. Agreement (social contract): The idea that individuals voluntarily agree to abide by a set of rules or laws in order to maintain social order and stability.2. Anarchy: A political philosophy that advocates for the absence of a centralized state or government, instead relying on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid among individuals.3. Atheism: The belief that there is no God or divine being, often associated with non-religious worldviews and philosophical perspectives.4. Bentham, Jeremy: An 18th-century English philosopher and economist who developed the concept of utilitarianism, which holds that actions are right if they promote happiness or pleasure, and wrong if they cause pain or suffering.5. Categorical imperative (Kant): A moral principle formulated by Immanuel Kant, which holds that an action is right if it could be universalized and made into a law for everyone to follow.6. Consequentialism: A moral philosophy that argues that the morality of an action should be determined by its consequences or outcomes, rather than by adherence to a set of rules or principles.7. Deontology (Kant): A moral philosophy that focuses on the moral laws or rules that should govern human behavior, regardless of their consequences.8. Duty (Kant): According to Kant, a moral duty is a requirement to act in accordance with moral laws or principles, regardless of personal desires or interests.9. Eudaimonia: An ancient Greek concept of happiness or flourishing, often associated with the idea of living a virtuous and fulfilling life.10. Fiat currency: A type of currency that is created and regulated by a central authority, such as a government or central bank, rather than being backed by any tangible asset or value.11. Freedom (negative): The lack of external constraints or limitations on an individual's actions or choices.12. Happiness: A positive emotional state characterized by feelings of joy, satisfaction, and contentment.13. Human nature: The set of characteristics, abilities, and traits that define human beings as a species, including their cognitive, emotional, and social capacities.14. Inclination (Bentham): An inherent tendency or predisposition towards a particular behavior or action, often associated with the concept of "pleasure principle."15. Individualism: A political and moral philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual autonomy and freedom from external interference or constraint.16. Kantianism (Kant): A philosophical perspective that follows the ideas of Immanuel Kant, particularly in regards to ethics and morality.17. Liberty: The freedom to act or choose without external constraints or limitations, often associated with political and legal concepts such as "freedom of speech" or "freedom of religion."18. Moral law (Kant): A set of moral principles or rules that are considered to be objective and universal, and which should guide human behavior regardless of personal preferences or interests.19. Natural right: The belief that certain rights or freedoms are inherent or innate to human beings by virtue of their nature as rational beings, rather than being derived from external sources such as social contracts or cultural norms.20. Objective moral truth (Bentham): The idea that moral statements can be true or false in an objective sense, independent of personal opinions or preferences.21. Pleasure principle (Bentham): The belief that actions are right if they promote pleasure or happiness, and wrong if they cause pain or suffering.22. Political philosophy: A branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of politics and government, including questions of power, authority, justice, and legitimacy.23. Positive freedom (Rawls): The ability to choose and pursue one's own goals and values, rather than simply being free from external constraints or limitations.24. Prudence (Bentham): The ability to make wise and sound decisions, often associated with the concept of "practical reason."25. Rights (natural law): Legal or moral entitlements that are considered inherent to individuals by virtue of their nature as rational beings, including the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.26. Social contract: A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between individual rights and the powers of government, based on the idea that individuals voluntarily agree to abide by a set of rules or laws in order to maintain social order and stability.27. Utilitarianism (Bentham): A moral philosophy that argues that actions are right if they promote happiness or pleasure, and wrong if they cause pain or suffering, based on the idea of "the greatest happiness for the greatest number."28. Virtue ethics: A branch of ethics that focuses on the development of moral character and personal virtues, rather than simply following rules or maximizing pleasure.
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