New Insights into the Roles and Mechanisms of Spermidine in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

New Insights into the Roles and Mechanisms of Spermidine in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review. Spermidine, a natural polyamine, plays a critical role in modulating aging and suppressing age-related diseases, and prolonging lifespan through mechanisms such as autophagy, anti-inflammation, regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, senescence, apoptosis and necrosis, histone acetylation, lipid metabolism, and specific signaling pathways. Spermidine also shows potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and immune disorders.