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John Locke's theory of separation of powers emphasizes the supremacy of the legislative power, which sets laws based on natural law. The executive power enforces these laws, while the federative power handles international relations. Locke does not consider judicial power a separate entity, as legislation and execution involve interpretation. He believes that multiple institutions can share powers, and that the same person can exercise multiple powers. Locke's formulation of separation of powers is similar to Montesquieu's, with the key difference being terminology. Locke emphasizes the importance of having elected representatives in the legislative power, but does not require them to be exclusively elected. He also discusses the doctrine of prerogative, which allows the executive to act without explicit authorization for a law. This raises questions about the relationship between the executive and legislature, with Locke suggesting that disputes can be resolved through an "appeal to heaven" - taking up arms against one's opponent and letting God judge who is in the right.