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This article reviews the use of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for treating various infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted diseases, and Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS. The article provides information on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TMP-SMX, as well as its resistance patterns and potential toxicities.TMP-SMX is effective against most strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, but less effective against Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae in UTIs. It is also used for preventing Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS and for prophylaxis against recurrent UTIs. TMP-SMX is effective against Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but less effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sexually transmitted diseases.However, the emergence of resistance has been a major concern with the use of TMP-SMX. Proper dosing and duration of treatment are important to minimize the risk of resistance development. Common toxicities associated with TMP-SMX include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and allergic reactions, although they are generally mild and reversible.Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of TMP-SMX for treating various infections in patients with AIDS, highlighting its effectiveness, resistance patterns, and potential toxicities. This information is valuable for healthcare providers who manage these infections.