The JEP proposal suggests several modifications to enhance pattern matching capabilities in Java:1. Allowing null value switching: A new null case label is introduced, enabling more consistent handling of null values in pattern switches while maintaining compatibility with existing switch semantics.2. Lifting the immediate NullPointerException throw: Now, a default clause can handle null values gracefully instead of causing an immediate exception.3. Expanded primitive type support: The proposal allows for additional primitive types to be added in future JEPs.4. Class declaration of deconstruction patterns: Deconstruction patterns enable more concise code expression, and this feature will align with reference type patterns in future JEPs.5. AND and OR patterns for case labels with patterns: These patterns provide greater expressiveness while maintaining simplicity in switch expressions.6. Alternative to pattern switching: A type switch is proposed as an alternative that only supports switching on the type of the selector expression, though less expressive than pattern switching.7. Guarded case labels vs guarded patterns: The proposal prefers guarded case labels over guarded patterns due to resulting ambiguity with boolean expressions. However, an alternative option to support guarded patterns directly as a special pattern form is proposed.These changes aim to improve the expressiveness and flexibility of pattern matching in Java while maintaining compatibility with existing switch semantics and ensuring a smooth evolution for future enhancements.