SLA Theories and Methods

1. Behaviorist Theory (1950s-1970s): This approach focuses on observable behaviors and ignores internal mental processes. Examples include B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory.2. Innatist Theory (1960s-1970s): This perspective posits that learners are born with an innate language acquisition device that enables them to acquire language more easily. Examples include Noam Chomsky's theory of generative grammar.3. Interactionist Theory (1970s-1980s): This approach emphasizes the interaction between the learner and their environment in language acquisition. Examples include Lev Vygotsky's work on the "zone of proximal development."4. Cognitive Apprenticeship (1980s-1990s): This theory posits that language learning is a result of conscious and deliberate effort, involving the learner's cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory. Examples include John Swales' work on "cognitive apprenticeship."5. Sociocultural Theory (1990s-present): This perspective emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in language acquisition. Examples include James P. Lantolf's work on "cognitive linguistics."6. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (1980s-present): This approach emphasizes the use of authentic materials and tasks in language instruction, as well as the promotion of learner autonomy and collaboration. Examples include Scott Thornbury's work on CLT.7. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) (1990s-present): This theory posits that learners acquire language through completing real-life tasks, rather than simply practicing grammar structures. Examples include Nick Robinson and David Little's work on TBLT.8. Language Acquisition Device (LAD) Theory (2000s-present): This perspective posits that learners are born with a predisposition towards language acquisition, and that language acquisition is facilitated by the LAD. Examples include Mark Papps' work on "LAD."Each of these theories and approaches has contributed to our understanding of second language acquisition, and they continue to influence language instruction and research today.