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The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has developed Annex 19, which focuses on safety management responsibilities and processes. The annex was created in response to the ICAO High-level Safety Conference's recommendation to develop a new annex dedicated to safety management.The annex is divided into several chapters, including state safety management responsibilities, safety management systems, and safety data collection and analysis. It also includes appendices that provide guidance on implementing the annex.The annex applies to various stakeholders, including states, service providers, and organizations involved in aviation operations. It provides standards and recommended practices for safety management, including identifying hazards, assessing risks, and developing remedial action.Additionally, the annex provides guidance on establishing a state's safety programme (SSP) and implementing an SMS that is commensurate with the size and complexity of the operation.