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This chapter explores the origins of Soviet state violence during Stalin's regime, focusing on how violence was used to achieve modernization goals and manipulate society. The author argues that while the regime was committed to creating a modern, industrialized state, this was pursued through violent means that led to unintended consequences. The chapter draws on various sources, including archival documents, memoirs, and literary works, to provide insight into the interplay between political violence and modernization in Stalin's Russia.