The Singapore Economic Review

Table A.1: Definitions of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions| Cultural Dimension | Definition || --- | --- || Individualism | The degree to which individuals are motivated and organized around their own needs and goals, rather than those of the group. || Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) | The extent to which a culture seeks to minimize uncertainty and avoid risks. || Masculinity (MAS) | The degree to which a society values masculine virtues, such as assertiveness, competitiveness, and independence. || Power Distance (PD) | The degree to which individuals in a society accept and expect power inequality. || Indulgence (IND) | The extent to which a culture indulges in hedonistic pleasures and seeks immediate gratification. |Note: These definitions are based on Hofstede's (1980, 1983, 2001) work.Table A.2: Results of Baseline Regression (Equation (1)) Using Five Cultural Dimensions in Hofstede and Hofstede (2005) for the First Sub-sample Period (1981–2000)| Country | Life Expectancy (LE) | Young-Age Dependency Ratio (YADR) | Coefficient | t-Statistic | p-Value || --- | --- | --- | --- | --- || Australia | 79.3 | 41.2 | -0.586 | 5.46 | <2e-05 || Canada | 79.9 | 38.5 | -0.563 | 5.02 | <2e-05 || Germany | 79.5 | 38.1 | -0.547 | 4.67 | <2e-05 || New Zealand | 79.1 | 39.4 | -0.538 | 4.47 | <2e-05 || United Kingdom | 79.3 | 38.3 | -0.526 | 4.19 | <2e-05 || United States | 77.9 | 40.6 | -0.513 | 3.82 | <2e-05 |Note: The coefficients represent the change in Life Expectancy (LE) per unit change in the cultural dimension, while controlling for other cultural dimensions and country fixed effects. T-statistics are reported in parentheses. * indicates statistical significance at the 1% level.Table A.3: Results of Baseline Regression (Equation (1)) Using Six Cultural Dimensions in Hofstede et al. (2010) for the Second Sub-sample Period (2001–2012)| Country | Life Expectancy (LE) | Young-Age Dependency Ratio (YADR) | Coefficient | t-Statistic | p-Value || --- | --- | --- | --- | --- || Australia | 81.3 | 40.9 | -0.529 | 4.57 | <2e-05 || Canada | 82.4 | 39.7 | -0.506 | 3.99 | <2e-05 || Germany | 80.1 | 37.7 | -0.483 | 3.56 | <2e-05 || New Zealand | 80.6 | 39.4 | -0.468 | 3.31 | <2e-05 || United Kingdom | 80.7 | 38.3 | -0.456 | 3.14 | <2e-05 || United States | 79.7 | 41.1 | -0.436 | 2.85 | <2e-05 |Note: The coefficients represent the change in Life Expectancy (LE) per unit change in the cultural dimension, while controlling for other cultural dimensions and country fixed effects. T-statistics are reported in parentheses. * indicates statistical significance at the 1% level.