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Black holes are regions of space with an incredibly strong gravitational pull, where nothing, not even light, can escape. They originate from Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity and have a point of infinite density known as a singularity at their center. They are believed to have masses millions or billions of times that of our Sun, and have recently been observed directly through the Event Horizon Telescope.

Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star located in the constellation Orion that is one of the largest and brightest stars visible from Earth. It is near the end of its life cycle, having exhausted its core hydrogen fuel and begun fusing helium into heavier elements, and is believed to be the precursor to a brilliant supernova event. Astronomers have used various techniques to study Betelgeuse's surface features, temperature variations, and other properties, and in late 2019 and early 2020, it experienced an unusually significant dimming event. This has led to speculation that it might be on the verge of going supernova, and studying its eventual supernova explosion will provide valuable insight into the late stages of stellar evolution.