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Umbhalo

Inombolo π (pi) iwukungashintshi kwezibalo okumelela isilinganiso somjikelezo wombuthano nobubanzi bawo. Iyinombolo engenangqondo, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuvezwa njengengxenye elula, futhi ukunwetshwa kwayo kwedesimali kuqhubeka ngokungenamkhawulo ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda. Inani elilinganiselwe lika-π ngu-3.14159, kodwa amadijithi ayo abalwe kumathriliyoni ezindawo zamadesimali. Umlando wokutholwa kuka-π mude futhi uhlanganisa amasiko amaningana: I-Egypt Yasendulo NeBhabhiloni: Zombili izimpucuko zasendulo zazinokulinganisa yenani lika-π, nakuba lingekho kuhlobo lwedesimali esilisebenzisa namuhla. Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo babesebenzisa inani lika-π eduze no-3.125, kuyilapho abaseBhabhiloni babesebenzisa isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-3.125 futhi. IGreece Yasendulo: Isazi sezibalo esingumGreki u-Archimedes (circa 287-212 BCE) sivame ukutuswa ngokwenza igalelo elibalulekile ekuqondeni igama elithi π. Wasebenzisa indlela yamapholigoni aqoshiwe nasokiwe ukuze alinganisele inani lika-π. Ngokusebenzisa amapholigoni anezinhlangothi eziningi, anganciphisa inani lika-π. U-Archimedes ubonise ngokudumile ukuthi u-π ulele phakathi kuka-3 1/7 (cishe u-3.1429) no-3 10/71 (cishe u-3.1408). Ochwepheshe bezibalo baseShayina nabamaNdiya: Izazi zezibalo zasendulo zaseShayina naseNdiya nazo zalinganisa inani lika-π. Izazi zezibalo zaseShayina zasebenzisa inani elingu-3.125, kuyilapho izazi zezibalo zaseNdiya ezifana ne-Aryabhata zisebenzisa inani elingu-π njengo-3.1416. Izibalo Zesimanje: Ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo ekhulwini le-17 nele-18 kwaholela ekubalweni okunembe kakhudlwana kuka-π. Izazi zezibalo ezinjengoJohn Wallis, Isaac Newton, kanye no-Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz baba negalelo ezindleleni ezithuthukisiwe zokubala u-π kusetshenziswa uchungechunge olungapheli. Izindlela Zokubala: Ngokuvela kwamakhompyutha, izazi zezibalo zazikwazi ukubala u-π ezigidini, izigidigidi, ngisho nezigidigidi zezindawo zamadesimali. Amafomula ahlukahlukene nama-algorithms athuthukisiwe ukuze kubalwe u-π ekunembeni okuphezulu. Uphawu π: Uphawu π lwesilinganiso sendilinga kuya kububanzi lwaqala ukusetshenziswa isazi sezibalo saseWales uWilliam Jones ngo-1706. Uphawu π lususelwa egameni lesiGreki elithi "pi" (elibizwa ngokuthi "chama"), okuyi uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama lesiGreki elithi "περίμετρος" (umjikelezo) kanye no-"περίμετρον" (perimetro) ngesiLatini.

Isifinyezo

I-Betelgeuse iyinkanyezi ebomvu eyi-supergiant etholakala kumlaza i-Orion engenye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu nezikhanya kakhulu ezibonakala ziseMhlabeni. Isiseduze nokuphela komjikelezo wayo wokuphila, ngemva kokuqeda uphethiloli wayo oyinhloko we-hydrogen futhi yaqala ukuhlanganisa i-helium ezintweni ezisindayo, futhi kukholakala ukuthi iyisandulela somcimbi omangalisayo we-supernova. Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzise amasu ahlukahlukene ukutadisha izici ezingaphezulu ze-Betelgeuse, ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa, nezinye izici, futhi ngasekupheleni kuka-2019 nasekuqaleni kuka-2020, yaba nesenzakalo esifiphele ngokungavamile. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekuqageleni ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-supernova, futhi ukutadisha ukuqhuma kwayo ekugcineni kwe-supernova kuzonikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezigaba zokugcina zokuziphendukela kwezinkanyezi.

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